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Cumberland is an area of north-west England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. It formed an Administrative counties of England from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1915) and now forms part of Cumbria.
Early history
{{infobox England historic county| |detailedImage=
|County= Cumberland
|AreaName= Ancient county
|Image= ]
|SizeRank= 11th
|Size= 969,490 acres
|CountyTown= [Carlisle
|ChapmanCode=CUL
|CountyFlower=[Parnassia palustris -->
At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the county was part of
Scotland although some villages in the far south west were included in the Yorkshire section with the
Furness region.
The historic county boundaries formed by the 12th Century were with Northumberland and
County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south, the
Furness part of
Lancashire to the south-west,
Dumfriesshire in
Scotland to the north and
Roxburghshire in Scotland to the north-east.
Ullswater formed part of the border with Westmorland.
The highest point of the county is
Scafell Pike at 978 m (3,208 ft); it is the highest mountain in England.
Carlisle is the historic county town of the county.
Division into wards
The county was divided into five ward (politics)s, rather than the hundred (division)s found in most English counties. The wards were:
Modern history
{{infobox historic district| |Name= Cumberland
|HQ= Carlisle
|Status= [Administrative county,
[Ceremonial counties of England
|Start= 1889
|End= 1974
|Replace= [Cumbria
|Image= ]
|PopulationFirst= 266,933
|PopulationFirstYear= 1901
|PopulationLast= 292,169
|PopulationLastYear= 1971
|AreaFirst= 973,086 acres
|AreaFirstYear= 1911
|AreaLast= 973,146 acres
|AreaLastYear= 1961 -->
In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888, a county council was created for Cumberland, taking over administrative functions from the Quarter Sessions. The Local Government Act 1894 further divided the county into urban districts and rural districts.
Carlisle was created a
county borough in 1915 and no longer formed part of the area under the control of the county council, or
administrative county.
In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county and county borough were abolished and their former area was combined with Westmorland and parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire to form the new county of Cumbria. The area from Cumberland went on to form the districts of
City of Carlisle,
Allerdale, Copeland, Cumbria and part of
Eden, Cumbria.
The distribution of population in 1971 was as follows: 1971 Census; Small Area Statistics
{| class="wikitable"|-!District||Population|-|
County Borough of Carlisle ] || 6,366|-|
Keswick Urban District ] || 11,612|-|
Penrith Urban District ] || 26,721|-|Municipal Borough of Workington ] || 1,917|-|
Border Rural District ] || 21,520|-|
Ennerdale Rural District ] || 14,088|-|
Penrith Rural District ] || 21,830|}
Legacy
The name continues in use as a geographical and cultural term, and survives in
Cumberland sausages,
Cumberland County Cricket Club and various organisations and companies, such as the local newspapers
The Cumberland News, and
The West Cumberland Times and Star, and the
Cumberland Building Society.
In June 1994, during the 1990s UK local government reform, the Local Government Commission published draft recommendations, suggesting as one option a North Cumbria unitary authority (also including
Appleby-in-Westmorland, the historic county town of Westmorland). It also suggested that Cumberland could be reinstated as an independent
ceremonial counties of England. The final recommendations, published in October 1994, did not include such recommendations, apparently due to lack of expression of support for the proposal to the commission.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Parnassia palustris as the county flower. Parnassus flowers had been associated with the county since 1951, when they were included in the
coat of arms granted to the Cumberland County Council. They subsequently featured in the arms granted to Cumbria County Council and Copeland, Cumbria, in both cases to represent Cumberland.
References
External links
- CUMBERLAND, England - History and Description, 1868
Cumberland Building Society
Regional building society based in Carlisle specialising in mortgages and investments. Includes wholly owned estate agents. Branches mainly in the Lake District.
Cumberland Building Society - Mortgages
cumberland building society homepage ... Search facility for the Cumberland web site. Please enter your search phrase or question, then select the ...
Cumberland School
Welcome Information Latest News School Sport Partnership Curriculum Admissions Sitemap contact
Weymouth Hotels - Cumberland Hotel Weymouth
Weymouth hotels - Weymouth hotel accommodation Dorset. Cumberland Hotel on Weymouth Esplanade. Weymouth seaside hotel for Dorset holidays.
Visit Cumbria
A guide to the attractions and places of interest in the county including historic buildings, lakes, preserved railways, churches, the National Trust, walks, towns and villages ...
The Cumberland News
Weekly local newspaper for Carlisle and the northern half of the county of Cumbria.
Best Western Cumberland Hotel Harrow
Best Western International is the world's largest hotel chain with over 4,200 hotels in 80 countries. Book your hotel reservation online today at BestWestern.com.
Home - The Cumberland Arms traditional 1850's North East England pub ...
Pub in Ouseburn, Byker. Details of music, beer, regular events, news and guest book.
Cumberland Football Association
General information, teams, courses, youth, schools, women, girls, development, cups and rules.
Cumberland Lodge | Cumberland Lodge
Cumberland Lodge ... Cumberland Lodge. Cumberland Lodge is a unique conference centre. Its Patron is The Queen, who has granted sole occupancy of a splendid seventeenth-century ...